跳蚤草的重生：从濒危植物到“致富草”

Core Viewpoint - The revival of the "jumping flea grass" (勐腊毛麝香) in Yunnan's Xishuangbanna region represents a successful case of integrating biodiversity conservation with economic development, transforming a once-endangered plant into a profitable crop for local communities [1][5]. Group 1: Historical Context and Ecological Significance - The "jumping flea grass" was once widely used by the Aini people for its insect-repelling properties but nearly disappeared due to changes in traditional farming practices and environmental conditions [2]. - In the 1980s, ethnobotanist Pei Shengji documented the ecological characteristics and traditional uses of the plant, laying the groundwork for its later revival [2]. Group 2: Scientific and Agricultural Advancements - In 2017, a research team from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden achieved breakthroughs in the artificial domestication of the plant, enabling its large-scale cultivation [2]. - Recent efforts have increased the yield of the grass by approximately 40%, with a stable essential oil extraction rate of around 0.38% [2]. Group 3: Economic Impact and Community Involvement - By 2025, the planting area for jumping flea grass is projected to reach 1,500 acres, with over 1,200 acres in Menglun Town, establishing it as a local specialty crop [5]. - The introduction of a "benefit-sharing" mechanism allows farmers to participate in the industry chain, enhancing their income; fresh grass is priced at 3.2 yuan per kilogram, with an 8-acre plot yielding about 10 tons [5][7]. - The establishment of the "Lai Sansan Du" cooperative in July 2024 exemplifies a model that integrates party leadership, cooperatives, companies, and farmers, focusing on order-based cultivation and centralized oil extraction [5]. Group 4: Cultural and Global Recognition - Local farmers are also creating cultural products, such as embroidered sachets, which are sold online and offline, thus expanding the market beyond raw materials [8]. - The project has attracted international attention, with experts recognizing it as a sustainable development model that combines traditional knowledge, modern science, and community benefits [8].