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Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the negative effects of being abruptly awakened by alarms, particularly strong sounds, on cognitive functions and overall well-being. Group 1: Effects of Alarm Sounds - Strong alarm sounds can cause abrupt awakenings, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure, similar to being startled [8] - Waking up from deep sleep can impair short-term memory and cognitive performance for up to two hours [5] - The phenomenon of "sleep inertia" means that individuals may take longer to feel fully awake, especially if their sleep quality was poor [7] Group 2: Sleep Stages and Awakening - Sleep consists of multiple cycles, including light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep, each affecting how one feels upon waking [4] - Awakening during deep sleep is particularly jarring and can lead to feelings of confusion and irritability [5] - Natural awakenings often occur during REM sleep, making the transition to wakefulness smoother [4] Group 3: Recommendations for Alarm Sounds - Softer sounds, such as gentle music or nature sounds, are recommended over harsh alarm tones to reduce stress upon waking [8] - Alarms that gradually increase in volume can help ease the transition from sleep to wakefulness [8] - Alternative awakening methods, such as light exposure or gentle vibrations, can align better with the body's natural rhythms [10]