研究显示中国儿童青少年癌症5年生存率77.2% 提供医疗资源分层配置方案

Core Insights - The first cohort study on the 5-year survival rate and healthcare accessibility for children and adolescents with cancer in China was published in The Lancet, showing a 5-year survival rate of 77.2% for patients aged 0 to 19 years, with significant progress in survival rates for common childhood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma, although regional disparities remain [1][2]. Group 1: Survival Rates - Among 12 major diagnostic groups, retinoblastoma has the highest 5-year survival rate at 91.2%, while malignant bone tumors have the lowest at 60.4% [2]. - The 5-year survival rates for the six priority cancer types listed in the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer exceed 80% in China, with the highest reaching 93.8%, significantly surpassing the WHO's target of 60% [2]. Group 2: Regional Disparities - There is a notable difference in the 5-year survival rates between regions, ranging from 72.6% in low SDI (Socio-Demographic Index) areas to 84.9% in high SDI areas, indicating a correlation with regional economic development [4]. - Approximately 23.5% of pediatric cancer patients seek initial treatment across provincial lines, with a significantly lower mortality risk compared to those treated within their home province [4]. Group 3: Healthcare Resource Allocation - The study proposes a tiered allocation of healthcare resources to promote health equity, emphasizing the need for foundational support in underdeveloped areas and improved treatment systems in more developed regions [4]. - Specific recommendations include establishing regional pediatric cancer treatment centers to extend resources to underserved areas and implementing standardized referral pathways [4]. Group 4: Transitioning Care for Adolescents - The 5-year survival rate for children (0-14 years) is 77.8%, while for adolescents (15-19 years) it is 75.3%, highlighting the need for better care transition strategies for patients aging out of pediatric care [7]. - The Beijing Children's Hospital has initiated a continuity of care program allowing patients up to 18 years old to receive treatment, addressing the gap for adolescents who may not fit neatly into pediatric or adult care categories [7]. Group 5: Future Directions - Continued policy investment and cross-regional collaboration are essential for building a more equitable and high-quality cancer prevention and treatment system for children and adolescents, ensuring every child's life is safeguarded [7].