美国三季度GDP增速超预期，家庭债务创新高

Core Insights - The U.S. GDP grew by 4.3% in Q3, marking the fastest growth in two years, driven primarily by consumer spending and significant investments in artificial intelligence infrastructure [1][2] Consumer Spending - Consumer spending in Q3 saw an annualized growth rate of 3.5%, becoming the main engine of economic growth, with notable contributions from healthcare services, international travel, legal services, and technology products [2][3] - The top 10% of income earners in the U.S. accounted for nearly half of total consumer spending, supported by a booming stock market that bolstered high-end consumption and service demand [2][3] Artificial Intelligence Investment - Investment in artificial intelligence has slowed from previous highs but still contributed significantly to economic growth, with AI-related investments and high-income household consumption together accounting for nearly 70% of the growth in the quarter [3][4] Economic Imbalances - The economic growth is characterized by imbalances, with consumer confidence indices remaining low and durable goods spending slowing down, reflecting public concerns over high prices and the job market [3][4] - Non-residential fixed asset investment showed signs of weakness, and residential investment declined for the second consecutive quarter, with an annualized drop of 5.1% [3][4] Inflation and Income Dynamics - The core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index rose to an annualized rate of 2.9%, up from 2.6% in the previous quarter, indicating a slight uptick in inflation [3][4] - After adjusting for inflation, disposable personal income remained flat, suggesting that income growth is barely keeping pace with rising prices, which is particularly challenging for low-income households [3][4] Household Debt Trends - U.S. household debt reached a record high of $18.6 trillion in Q3 2025, with mortgage debt being the largest component at $13.07 trillion [4][5] - The credit market is experiencing a "K-shaped" divergence, where low-income households face increasing financial pressure, while high-income borrowers benefit from stock market gains and rising property values [5]