方小敏：“了解青藏高原的过去，才能预判地球的未来”

Core Insights - The article discusses the "Three Polar Interaction" theory proposed by Fang Xiaomin, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of the Tibetan Plateau, North Pole, and South Pole in influencing global climate change [3][4][12]. Group 1: Three Polar Interaction Theory - The "Three Polar Interaction" theory posits that the Tibetan Plateau, North Pole, and South Pole form a dynamic system through atmospheric-oceanic circulation and carbon cycling, impacting the formation of mineral resources and landforms in Asia [3][4]. - The theory suggests that the continuous uplift of the Tibetan Plateau acts as a "super engine" for global climate regulation, affecting the ice caps in the polar regions [3][4]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Influence - The Tibetan Plateau influences the polar regions through two key pathways: the "Dust-Carbon Effect" and the "Chemical Weathering-Carbon Cycle" effect [4][5]. - The "Dust-Carbon Effect" involves the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau leading to increased aridity in Asia, which generates dust that promotes phytoplankton growth in the North Pacific, resulting in a decrease in atmospheric CO2 and global cooling [4]. - The "Chemical Weathering-Carbon Cycle" effect describes how increased rainfall due to the uplift enhances chemical weathering processes, converting CO2 into bicarbonate ions and facilitating long-term carbon storage in the ocean [5]. Group 3: Biodiversity and Evolution - The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has not only reshaped the natural environment but also driven evolutionary processes, with evidence suggesting that some modern African savanna animals originated from adaptations in the Tibetan Plateau [7][8]. - The Tibetan Plateau serves as a "training camp" for species that later migrated to polar regions, equipping them with survival skills for extreme environments [8]. Group 4: Scientific Research and Applications - The second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Tibetan Plateau has shifted its focus from basic data collection to understanding changes, mechanisms, and strategies for sustainable development [9][10]. - Significant achievements include the publication of 245 high-level papers and the submission of over 110 advisory reports to government bodies, contributing to ecological protection laws and disaster risk management [10][11]. Group 5: Climate Change and Global Impact - The Tibetan Plateau is currently experiencing profound changes characterized by warming and increased humidity, leading to glacier retreat and permafrost degradation, which pose long-term challenges for water resource security [12][13]. - Addressing climate change requires a holistic approach, emphasizing the importance of protecting the Tibetan Plateau as a critical component of global climate stability [13][14].