国际观察｜从“边缘势力”到“关键变量” 极右翼搅动多国政局

Core Viewpoint - The rise of far-right parties in Europe is becoming a significant political force, influencing government formation and policy direction, driven by public dissatisfaction with traditional parties and pressing socio-economic issues [2][3][5]. Group 1: Political Landscape - In the recent elections in Spain's Extremadura region, the ruling party faced setbacks, while the far-right Vox party increased its seats by over 100%, becoming a key player in local government formation [2]. - The far-right parties in Europe are characterized as "not necessarily the largest, but indispensable," indicating their ability to influence mainstream parties and shift political agendas [3]. - The Alternative for Germany (AfD) party achieved a record vote share in February, becoming the second-largest party, which has led to mainstream parties being forced to collaborate with them on immigration issues [3]. Group 2: Public Sentiment and Mobilization - The far-right's expansion is attributed to public anxiety over economic conditions, rising living costs, and distrust in traditional political parties [5][6]. - Three main sentiments are leveraged by far-right parties in Europe: economic and livelihood anxiety, immigration and security concerns, and Euroscepticism [6][7]. - Far-right parties position themselves as challengers to the establishment and defenders of national interests, using provocative slogans to attract votes [7]. Group 3: Impact on Traditional Politics - The rise of far-right parties is leading to a rightward shift in political landscapes, resulting in fragmented political environments and increased policy uncertainty [8]. - In the EU, stricter immigration and border policies are emerging, and the green transition is being delayed or made more flexible due to competitive and cost pressures [8]. - Upcoming elections in Europe, including in Hungary and Germany, are expected to further test the dynamics between mainstream parties and far-right opponents [8].