联合国诞生贸易新公约！中国积极推动，破解陆运百年“有单无权”困境

Core Viewpoint - The adoption of the United Nations Convention on Transferable Goods Documents marks a significant shift towards the recognition of property rights across all modes of transportation, revolutionizing global trade practices [2][4]. Legal Implications - The Convention represents a historic innovation by providing legal recognition for transferable documents across various transport modes, including road, rail, air, and sea, thus establishing a unified property document system [3][4]. - It addresses the long-standing "institutional time lag" where only maritime bills of lading had property rights, enabling exporters to secure payments effectively [3][5]. Financial Impact - The Convention allows banks to accept land transport documents as collateral, thereby reducing trade financing risks and enhancing the ability to verify trade authenticity [5]. - It provides additional collateral tools for small and medium-sized enterprises, facilitating access to trade financing [4][5]. Opportunities for Trade - The Convention creates new development opportunities for international trade, particularly benefiting landlocked developing countries and small businesses by eliminating legal barriers in cross-border land transport [4][8]. - It enhances transaction flexibility for exporters, allowing them to transfer documents and sell goods during transit in response to unforeseen risks [4][8]. Implementation and Testing - The Convention requires ratification by at least ten countries to come into effect, with ongoing efforts to promote its signing and approval [9]. - Pilot projects are set to commence in July 2024 to test the Convention's feasibility, with China leading the way in these initiatives [9][10].