老年结直肠癌的防与治

Core Viewpoint - The incidence of colorectal cancer among the elderly is significantly increasing due to aging populations, necessitating improved prevention strategies and healthier lifestyles to protect their health and quality of life [1] Group 1: Reasons for Increased Incidence - Colorectal cancer develops over a long period, typically 10 to 15 years, with higher rates in the elderly due to factors such as increased genetic mutation risks from prolonged exposure to various risk factors [2] - Aging leads to a decline in intestinal function, resulting in slower peristalsis and prolonged retention of harmful substances in the intestines, which exacerbates irritation to the intestinal wall [2] - Many elderly individuals suffer from conditions like diabetes, obesity, and gallbladder diseases, which further elevate the risk of colorectal cancer [2] Group 2: Preventive Measures - Adjusting lifestyle is the most cost-effective and beneficial cancer prevention strategy, including increased consumption of whole grains, fresh vegetables, fruits, and legumes to promote intestinal health [3] - Reducing intake of red meat and avoiding processed meats classified as carcinogenic by the WHO are crucial steps in prevention [3] - Regular physical activity, such as brisk walking or Tai Chi for at least 150 minutes per week, along with smoking cessation and limited alcohol consumption, are essential for reducing cancer risk [3] Group 3: Screening Recommendations - Colonoscopy is the gold standard for screening, recommended for individuals starting at age 50, with follow-ups every 5 to 10 years if results are normal [4] - Those with a family history of colorectal cancer should begin screening earlier, while fecal occult blood tests serve as a non-invasive initial screening method [4] - Immediate medical attention is advised for symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, persistent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or anemia [4] Group 4: Expert Commentary - The article serves as a comprehensive and accessible resource for elderly individuals regarding colorectal cancer, emphasizing prevention over treatment and the importance of regular screenings [5]