年终特稿·管窥天下丨从边缘到中枢：“全球南方”开启全球治理新篇章

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant role of Global South countries in global governance amidst challenges posed by unilateralism from Western nations and ongoing global conflicts, highlighting their proactive engagement in trade, climate, and artificial intelligence as a new driving force for governance reform [1][2]. Global Governance Challenges - The year 2025 is marked by heightened uncertainty in the global economy, intensified geopolitical rivalries, and an increase in regional conflicts, leading to a growing "governance deficit" [2]. - The return of Trump to power has seen the U.S. adopt a protectionist "America First" policy, undermining multilateralism and sparking a global trade war, which disrupts the post-World War II free trade framework [2]. - Ongoing conflicts, such as the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Palestine situation, have led to a record high in global armed conflicts, while the UN Security Council's effectiveness is being questioned [2]. Global South's Role in Governance - In contrast to the retreat of Western nations, Global South countries are stepping up to take on governance responsibilities, becoming staunch defenders of free trade and enhancing cooperation among themselves and with other developed economies [4]. - Significant progress is noted in trade agreements, such as the African Continental Free Trade Area and free trade agreements between Latin America and Europe, alongside China's initiatives to eliminate tariffs on products from 53 African nations [4]. - The Global South is also taking the lead in climate governance, reaffirming commitments to the Paris Agreement and establishing new frameworks for climate funding, such as the "Tropical Forest Permanent Fund" [4]. Artificial Intelligence Governance - The Global South is actively proposing governance frameworks for artificial intelligence, with the BRICS summit in 2025 marking a significant step in this direction [5]. - Initiatives include the establishment of a World AI Cooperation Organization, showcasing the commitment of Global South countries to responsible AI development and sustainable growth [5]. Collective Action and Reform Initiatives - The Global South is uniting to demand changes to the unfair international order and enhance their international voice, with China proposing a comprehensive governance narrative centered on a "community of shared future for mankind" [6]. - Various agreements and action plans have been reached in areas such as political security, economic cooperation, and sustainable development, demonstrating a collective commitment to reform [7]. - The Global South is advocating for reforms in the United Nations and other international institutions to ensure fair representation and adapt to current political and economic realities [7].