流感用药，要避开这些误区

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between influenza and the common cold, highlighting the need for appropriate medication to avoid complications and mismanagement of the illness [1][2]. Group 1: Differences Between Influenza and Common Cold - Influenza is caused by influenza viruses (type A and B) and is highly contagious, while the common cold is primarily caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses, which are less contagious [3]. - Symptoms of influenza include high fever (39-40 degrees Celsius), muscle aches, and severe fatigue, whereas common cold symptoms are milder, typically involving nasal congestion, runny nose, and low-grade fever [3]. - Treatment differs significantly; antiviral medications are effective for influenza and can prevent severe illness, while common cold treatment focuses on symptom relief, with antiviral drugs being ineffective [3]. Group 2: Common Medication Misconceptions - Using antibiotics for fever is a misconception, as influenza is viral and antibiotics target bacteria; misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance [4]. - Stopping antiviral medication prematurely can allow the virus to persist, increasing the risk of recurrence and resistance; for instance, oseltamivir should be taken for a full five days [4]. - Combining multiple medications can be dangerous, as many cold medications contain acetaminophen, and additional doses can lead to overdose, stressing the liver and kidneys [4].