起底史上最疯狂的跨国文物盗卖案

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical significance of the "Six Steeds of Zhao Ling" and the subsequent international artifact smuggling case that ensued, highlighting the cultural and historical value of these artifacts and the challenges faced in preserving them [2][11]. Historical Context - The "Six Steeds of Zhao Ling" were associated with Emperor Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty, who achieved significant military victories with the help of these horses [3][4]. - The horses were immortalized in stone carvings at Zhao Ling, showcasing the artistic craftsmanship of the Tang Dynasty [9][10]. Smuggling Incident - In 1913, a French antique dealer attempted to smuggle two of the steed sculptures, "Saluzi" and "Quanmiao," out of China, but the plan was thwarted by local villagers [11][12]. - Following the fall of the Qing Dynasty, local military leaders, including Zhang Yunshan, took interest in the artifacts, leading to their eventual relocation to the Shaanxi provincial government [12][14]. International Trade and Loss - The two sculptures were later sold to Lu Qinzai, a notorious artifact dealer, who facilitated their sale to the University of Pennsylvania Museum in the United States [14][15]. - The transaction was marked by deceit, as Lu claimed the sculptures were legally acquired, despite a ban on the export of ancient artifacts in China since 1914 [15][18]. Preservation Efforts - The remaining four steed sculptures were nearly smuggled out of China but were saved by local citizens who organized to protect them [17][18]. - After various preservation efforts, the four steed sculptures were eventually housed in the Shaanxi Provincial Museum, while the other two remain abroad [18][19]. Calls for Return - In recent years, there have been renewed calls for the return of "Saluzi" and "Quanmiao" to China, with public campaigns highlighting their cultural significance [18][19].