曾经他们说：中国只会代工

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the transformation of China's manufacturing capabilities over the past two decades, highlighting its shift from low-end manufacturing to becoming a leader in advanced manufacturing and technology, challenging previous Western narratives about China's industrial limitations [6][15][24]. Group 1: Manufacturing and Technological Advancements - China's share in global industrial production increased from less than 5% in 1995 to 32% in 2025, while Western countries' share fell below 50% [6]. - The article emphasizes that China's advancements in high-speed rail, shipbuilding, and aviation demonstrate its ability to develop core technologies and set industry standards [8][9][12]. - In the electric vehicle sector, China produced nearly 15 million new energy vehicles in the first 11 months of 2025, with exports growing over 100% year-on-year [12]. Group 2: Innovation and Systemic Changes - China has established a complete lithium battery supply chain, with 80% of global lithium batteries produced by Chinese manufacturers, showcasing its comprehensive industrial ecosystem [12]. - The article notes that China is not only a user of technology but is becoming a provider of systemic solutions, as seen in the advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence [14][20]. - China's R&D investment has increased nearly fivefold from 2007 to 2023, approaching levels seen in the United States, indicating a significant shift in innovation capabilities [20]. Group 3: Global Standards and Market Influence - China is increasingly participating in and even leading the formulation of global standards, such as those for new energy vehicle batteries and 5G technology, which alters the narrative of China as merely a low-end manufacturer [15][17]. - The article highlights that the ability to set standards translates to control over market access, technology pathways, and long-term profitability [17]. - International assessments are shifting, with experts acknowledging China's rise as a technology power in various fields, including AI and advanced manufacturing [21].