魏杰：“十五五”时期中国制度型开放的三大特点

Core Viewpoint - The forum emphasized the importance of institutional openness and the formation of a high-quality new pattern of openness during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, highlighting three key characteristics of China's future trade and investment strategy [1][4]. Group 1: Characteristics of Openness - The first characteristic is to deepen the reform of China's economic system to align with globalization and multilateralism [4]. - The second characteristic involves promoting the combination of trade and investment, requiring a strong domestic market and manufacturing capability [4]. - The third characteristic is to adjust the export structure, reducing reliance on export growth and avoiding excessive trade surpluses [4][5]. Group 2: Strategies for Maintaining Trade Balance - To maintain an appropriate trade surplus, it is suggested to reduce unnecessary exports, particularly those that are high in pollution [5]. - There is a recommendation to decrease reliance on price competition in exports, as this can lead to retaliatory tariffs from trading partners [5]. - Importing is viewed as a strategic tool, with China holding a 40% share of the import market, which can be leveraged in trade negotiations [5]. Group 3: Market Development and Export Adjustment - It is crucial to stabilize trade relations with ASEAN and the EU while exploring new markets in Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and South America [6]. - The export direction should be adjusted to focus on rigid demand products and advanced manufacturing, while also enhancing service exports [6]. - The strategy should shift from price competition to competition based on scarcity, and the export settlement system should be adjusted to reduce dependence on the US dollar [6][7]. Group 4: Production Capacity Export - There is a need to transition from simple product exports to the export of production capacity, with companies establishing production bases abroad to reduce resistance compared to direct product exports [8]. - The focus should be on increasing productive exports to maintain China's competitive edge in the global market [8].