张军扩：扩内需的三点思考

Core Viewpoint - The demand issue has become the most decisive factor affecting the sustained and stable growth of China's economy, with expanding domestic demand ranking first in economic work for two consecutive years [2][3]. Group 1: Demand Issues - The main contradiction in China's economic operation has gradually shifted from the supply side to the demand side, indicating that resolving demand issues is crucial for achieving stable and sustainable economic growth [3]. - Despite various external shocks, China's economy has shown resilience, with major macroeconomic indicators remaining stable, laying a good foundation for achieving the annual growth target of around 5% [2][3]. Group 2: Consumption Demand - The insufficient consumption demand in China is attributed to both short-term market fluctuations and deeper structural issues, necessitating both immediate stimulus policies and long-term solutions [4]. - Structural reasons for low consumption rates include a long-term low consumption rate among residents, estimated to be 10-20% below the international average, indicating significant potential for expanding domestic demand [5][6]. Group 3: Investment Demand - Investment demand remains significant and should be supported through institutional and policy innovations, emphasizing that effective investment is still crucial for economic growth [8]. - The "14th Five-Year Plan" suggests that effective investment should focus on new urban construction models and enhancing rural infrastructure, with a notable emphasis on revitalizing idle rural land and improving the investment environment for private and foreign investments [8].