量子科学带来的“脑洞”：我们能否前往“平行宇宙”？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of quantum mechanics as it approaches its 100th anniversary in 2025, highlighting its impact on both scientific understanding and popular culture, particularly in science fiction [1] Group 1: Quantum Mechanics and Theories - Quantum mechanics has fundamentally altered human understanding of the objective world and has inspired numerous science fiction narratives, including the concept of "parallel universes" [1] - Hugh Everett proposed the "Many-Worlds Interpretation" in the 1950s to address the "measurement problem" in quantum physics, suggesting that particles exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed, leading to the creation of multiple universes [2] - The "Many-Worlds Interpretation" is considered by some scholars, like Sean Carroll, as the most elegant explanation of quantum mechanics, as it avoids the need for additional "collapse" rules and aligns well with mathematical formulations [3] Group 2: Criticism and Popularity of Theories - Despite its supporters, the "Many-Worlds Interpretation" faces criticism from notable physicists like Roger Penrose, who argue that it should be abandoned due to its inability to be tested or falsified [3] - A survey conducted by the journal Nature indicated that the "Many-Worlds Interpretation" ranks as the third most popular theory among physicists, with the "Copenhagen Interpretation" being the most favored [3] Group 3: Philosophical Implications and Cultural Impact - The interpretations of quantum mechanics remain largely philosophical and do not provide different experimental predictions, indicating a need for new physical phenomena that extend beyond current quantum measurement theories [4] - If parallel universes exist, they may not differ significantly from our own, as they would likely share the same physical laws and human experiences, leading to only minor variations [5] - The scientific community generally believes that physical laws prevent individuals from traveling between parallel universes, reinforcing the idea that events in one universe do not affect another [6] - Science fiction has played a role in popularizing complex quantum concepts, stimulating public interest in scientific exploration, even if it diverges from strict scientific accuracy [6]