2026年“国补”继续！如何调整？

Core Viewpoint - The "National Consumption Upgrade" policy, aimed at boosting consumer spending, will continue into 2026 with adjustments to subsidy scope and standards, as announced by the Minister of Finance at the national fiscal work conference [1] Group 1: Policy Evolution - The "National Consumption Upgrade" policy originated during the 2008 global financial crisis to stimulate consumption through subsidies for major consumer goods, focusing on rapid market activation [1] - The 2024 reintroduction of the policy marks a shift from short-term emergency measures to long-term empowerment, with three major upgrades compared to earlier versions [1] Group 2: Coverage and Standards - The coverage of the policy will expand from single categories to multiple scenarios, with the 2024 focus on vehicle scrappage and eight types of household appliances, and a broader scope for 2025 that includes digital products and home decoration [2] - Subsidy standards will transition from a uniform approach to differentiated optimization, such as increasing subsidies for new energy vehicles from 10,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan [2][3] - The funding source will shift from annual budgets to long-term special government bonds, with 150 billion yuan allocated in 2024 and 300 billion yuan in 2025, ensuring stable support for the policy [2][3] Group 3: Systematic Design - The expansion of subsidy categories and optimization of standards are coordinated with strengthened funding sources, creating a systematic design that transforms the policy from an emergency stimulus tool to a normalized consumption promotion mechanism [3] - Despite the policy's effectiveness, challenges remain, such as the temporary suspension of subsidies in some regions due to faster consumption of funds than bond issuance, necessitating a focus on existing funds rather than increasing the budget [3] Group 4: Implementation Challenges - The increase in subsidy categories may lead to local protectionism, where local brands receive preferential treatment, potentially distorting market competition [4] - Complicated application processes may deter consumers, particularly older individuals or those in rural areas, from accessing subsidies, undermining the policy's universality [4] - To ensure the policy effectively stimulates consumption, precise efforts are needed in coverage, standard design, and supporting mechanisms, including the establishment of a unified information platform for the entire process [5]