预防近视从“小”做起，这些习惯要养成

Core Viewpoint - The prevalence of myopia is increasing annually, particularly among children and adolescents, due to prolonged use of electronic devices and poor eye habits, making it a significant health concern that can be prevented and controlled through lifestyle changes [1]. Group 1: Causes of Myopia - Myopia is caused by improper eye use leading to elongation of the eyeball, resulting in blurred vision when looking at distant objects [2]. - The main causes of myopia include genetic factors, environmental influences from prolonged near work, poor eye habits, and lack of outdoor activities [3]. Group 2: Key Prevention Strategies - Cultivating good eye habits is crucial, including maintaining proper reading and writing posture, with recommended distances of 30-40 cm for books and 40-50 cm for screens [4]. - Controlling daily screen time and incorporating regular breaks, such as the 20-20-20 rule, can alleviate eye strain [5]. - Increasing outdoor activity to over 2 hours daily can significantly reduce the risk of myopia, as natural light exposure promotes healthy eye development [6][7]. - Establishing a reasonable sleep schedule, ensuring at least 8 hours of sleep, and avoiding screen use before bed are essential for eye health [8]. Group 3: Dietary Habits for Eye Health - A balanced diet rich in vitamin A, lutein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin C is vital for maintaining eye health and preventing vision issues [9]. Group 4: Eye Hygiene and Regular Check-ups - Maintaining eye hygiene, avoiding eye rubbing, and ensuring regular eye examinations are important to prevent infections and detect vision problems early [10]. Group 5: Parental Guidance - Parents play a crucial role in shaping children's eye habits by limiting screen time, creating conducive learning environments, and encouraging outdoor activities [11].