“两个毫不动摇”的理论创新与实践

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of adhering to and improving the socialist basic economic system in China, highlighting the dual support for both public and non-public ownership as essential for economic development and social equity [1][2][3]. Group 1: Economic System and Ownership - The "two unwavering principles" are rooted in Marxist ownership theory and reflect the understanding of the basic economic system during the primary stage of socialism in China [2]. - Public ownership is recognized as the mainstay of the socialist economy, while non-public ownership plays an irreplaceable role in the long term due to the multi-layered and unbalanced nature of productive forces [2][3]. - The evolution of the understanding of ownership issues has been a continuous process since the reform and opening up, with non-public ownership transitioning from a necessary supplement to an important component of the socialist market economy [3]. Group 2: Strategic Directions and Challenges - The 14th and 15th Five-Year Plans emphasize the need to uphold the "two unwavering principles" to promote the complementary advantages of various ownership forms [4][7]. - Current domestic and international challenges include rising protectionism, economic downward pressure, and the need for deeper reforms in certain sectors [5][6]. - The rapid development of new economic forms, such as the digital economy, poses new challenges to traditional ownership theories and regulatory models [6]. Group 3: Role of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) - Strengthening and developing state-owned enterprises is crucial for enhancing their core competitiveness and supporting national strategic goals [8]. - As of the end of 2024, the total assets of state-owned enterprises are projected to reach 401.7 trillion yuan, providing a solid foundation for stabilizing the macro economy [8]. Group 4: Support for Non-Public Economy - Encouraging and supporting the non-public economy is vital for creating a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable development environment [9]. - In 2024, the top 1,000 private enterprises are expected to invest 1.43 trillion yuan in R&D, reflecting a 2.78% increase from the previous year, with a significant rise in patent holdings [9]. Group 5: Future Directions - The adherence to the "two unwavering principles" will be crucial in addressing complex risks and challenges while serving the goals of modernization in China [10]. - There is a need for continuous institutional innovation and effective policy execution to ensure the healthy development of various ownership entities [10].