（中文版全文）《黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态调查报告》

Core Viewpoint - The ecological status of the coral reef ecosystem at Huangyan Island is generally good, but it faces significant threats from climate change, illegal activities, and natural disasters [8][10][60]. Group 1: Ecological Status - The coral reef ecosystem at Huangyan Island is home to 135 species of reef-building corals, with an average coverage rate of 38.8% in the national nature reserve [8][41]. - The area has a rich diversity of marine life, including 182 species of reef fish and various large benthic invertebrates, indicating a healthy ecosystem [32][43]. - The seagrass beds in the northern part of the lagoon cover approximately 1.85 square kilometers, contributing to the ecosystem's health by providing habitat and stabilizing the seabed [38][41]. Group 2: Threats to the Ecosystem - Rising sea surface temperatures due to global climate change pose a significant threat, leading to coral bleaching and mortality, with a recorded coral mortality rate of 3.0% in one year [46][50]. - The outbreak of crown-of-thorns starfish has been identified as a major factor damaging coral reefs, with evidence of their presence in the western and southern areas of Huangyan Island [48][50]. - Illegal fishing activities by the Philippines and other nations have severely impacted the ecological health of Huangyan Island, with numerous incidents of illegal incursions reported [54][55]. Group 3: Conservation Efforts - The establishment of the Huangyan Island National Nature Reserve in September 2025 aims to protect the most diverse and highest coverage areas of reef-building corals [60]. - Strict management and necessary ecological restoration efforts are being implemented to maintain and enhance the diversity, stability, and sustainability of the coral reef ecosystem [60].