2025年443家银行注销，村镇银行占比超六成！专家：行业整体抗风险能力将显著提升

Core Insights - The Chinese banking sector is undergoing a significant exit and consolidation process, with 443 banking institutions deregistered by December 29, 2025, primarily involving rural banks, rural commercial banks, and credit cooperatives [1][2]. Group 1: Exit Characteristics - The exit process is characterized by three structural features: - Village banks are the main contributors, with 276 banks exiting, accounting for 62.3% of total exits [2]. - Rural commercial banks and credit cooperatives follow, with 81 and 71 exits respectively, together making up about 34.3% of the total [2]. - Other institutions, including rural mutual aid societies and city commercial banks, also contributed to the exit landscape [2]. Group 2: Regional Distribution - The exit of banking institutions shows a highly concentrated regional distribution: - Inner Mongolia leads with 140 exits, representing 31.6% of the national total [4]. - Shandong follows with 34 exits, while Sichuan, Hubei, and Henan each have 27 exits, indicating a regional focus in this adjustment [4]. - All 29 provincial-level administrative regions have seen banking institutions exit, highlighting the widespread nature of this industry adjustment [4]. Group 3: Timing of Exits - The exit process is not evenly distributed throughout the year, with a noticeable acceleration in the second half: - May marked the peak month with 130 exits, aligning with reform initiatives in Inner Mongolia [5]. - November and December also saw significant exits, with 64 and 54 respectively, while April recorded the lowest with only 3 exits [5][6]. - Overall, the number of exits in the second half of the year surpassed that of the first half, closely linked to regulatory guidance and regional reform progress [5]. Group 4: Underlying Logic of Consolidation - The concentration of exits is seen as a necessary outcome of the Chinese banking sector's development, focusing on risk management and sustainable growth: - The primary goal of mergers and acquisitions is to address risk management and ensure sustainable development, particularly for small and medium-sized banks facing profitability pressures [7]. - Issues such as fragmented ownership and inadequate corporate governance in rural financial institutions have led to increased risk, necessitating consolidation to improve operational quality [7]. - The consolidation process aims not only to reduce the number of institutions but also to enhance the quality of banking services, fostering a transition towards high-quality development in the sector [7][8]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The future trajectory for village banks indicates a trend towards "reducing quantity while increasing speed": - Currently, there are approximately 1,500 village banks, with expectations that this number will decrease to around 1,000 in the next three to five years, focusing on establishing a robust and specialized banking sector [8]. - The ongoing consolidation reflects the improvement of market exit mechanisms, enhancing the overall resilience and operational efficiency of the banking industry [8].