东西问丨李征宇：为何说楚文化是长江流域先秦文化集大成者？

Core Viewpoint - Chu culture is regarded as the culmination of pre-Qin culture in the Yangtze River basin, characterized by its integration of various cultural elements and significant contributions to the development of Chinese civilization [3][6][9]. Group 1: Characteristics of Chu Culture - Chu culture originated in the central Yangtze River region, primarily in present-day Hubei, Hunan, and southern Henan, lasting approximately 800 years with distinct regional features and profound cultural connotations [3][4]. - It is marked by a mysticism and romantic imagination, with "Chuci" (Songs of Chu) being a typical representation, showcasing passionate emotions and unique symbolism [3][4]. - The culture is known for its strong shamanistic elements, as evidenced by artifacts like the "Wangshan Chumu" divination texts and various tomb guardian beasts [3]. Group 2: Influence and Integration - Chu culture assimilated elements from various cultures, including the Shang and Zhou cultures, and developed a unique civilization system that emphasized both romanticism and practicality [4][6]. - It played a pivotal role in transforming the Yangtze River basin from a "marginal" area to a "central" one in the context of Chinese civilization, facilitating cultural integration across regions [6][9]. - The culture's influence extended to areas like Sichuan and Lingnan, where it introduced agricultural techniques and city-state governance [6][9]. Group 3: Contributions to Chinese Civilization - Chu culture contributed significantly to administrative systems, being the first to establish the county system in Chinese history, which laid the foundation for local governance in subsequent dynasties [9][10]. - It pioneered the romantic literary tradition in China, influencing later poetry, prose, and narrative forms [10]. - The craftsmanship of Chu bronze artifacts reached its peak during the pre-Qin period, with techniques like lost-wax casting being inherited by later generations [10]. Group 4: International Cultural Exchange - Chu artifacts have gained recognition on the international stage, showcasing the depth and sophistication of Chinese civilization, and highlighting its unique aesthetic that contrasts with Western rationalism [12][14]. - The discovery of Chu bamboo slips has opened new avenues for research in early Chinese civilization, prompting a shift in the methodologies and perspectives of international sinology [14].