扩大江苏经济运行中的有效需求，增强国内经济可循环力度

Core Viewpoint - The Jiangsu Provincial Economic Work Conference emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic demand as a strategic move to enhance the domestic market and address the current economic challenges, particularly the imbalance between strong supply and weak demand [1][10]. Group 1: Importance of Expanding Domestic Demand - Expanding domestic demand is crucial for the economic operation of Jiangsu, as it addresses the urgent need to strengthen effective demand within the province's economy [2]. - Effective demand is defined as the total demand that includes both the willingness and ability to pay for goods and services, which is essential for determining overall economic output and employment levels [3][4]. Group 2: Characteristics and Dynamics of Effective Demand - Effective demand is characterized by its reality and feasibility, being an immediate demand that can be converted into actual purchasing behavior, influenced by factors such as income levels and credit policies [4]. - It is dynamic and can change based on various factors, including price, income, and consumer preferences, indicating that effective demand is not static [4]. - Effective demand typically experiences cyclical fluctuations, heavily influenced by business expectations, which can lead to significant variations in investment demand [5]. Group 3: Challenges of Insufficient Effective Demand - Insufficient effective demand is a common issue in market economies, often resulting from psychological factors such as diminishing marginal propensity to consume and liquidity preference, leading to a natural tendency for demand to fall short [5]. - The lack of effective demand can weaken economic circulation dynamics, disrupt the production-consumption cycle, and lead to a decline in consumer confidence and spending [7]. - Insufficient effective demand can also trigger structural issues on the supply side, resulting in overcapacity in certain industries while high-end products remain in short supply [8]. Group 4: Strategies to Enhance Effective Demand - To increase effective demand, it is essential to raise residents' income and employment levels, thereby solidifying the foundation for consumer spending [12]. - Optimizing the consumption environment and policies is necessary to unleash the potential of effective demand, including initiatives to stimulate basic consumption and remove barriers to spending [13]. - Expanding effective investment and optimizing supply structure are critical, focusing on key infrastructure and modern industrial investments to enhance the overall economic framework [13][14].