新民环球年终特刊⑨

Core Insights - The 30th UN Climate Change Conference in Belem, Brazil, aims to advance climate action from consensus to implementation, achieving progress in climate finance, just transition, and adaptation frameworks, while highlighting the gap between commitments and actions [4][5][6] Climate Finance - Climate finance remains a central issue, with structural contradictions evident in the North-South divide, where developing countries seek fairness and sustainability in funding structures, while developed nations focus on leveraging private capital without significantly increasing public budget pressures [5] - Discussions on fossil fuel exit pathways reveal deep divisions among parties, limiting multilateral action, with oil-producing countries emphasizing energy security and development, while vulnerable nations demand clear timelines and restrictions on new fossil fuel projects [5] Progress and Achievements - The conference achieved several milestones, with multiple long-term cooperation topics moving towards operationalization, thereby narrowing the gap between climate commitments and actual actions [5] - The "Dubai-Belem Indicator Work Plan" facilitated a transition from principle frameworks to quantifiable indicators in adaptation agendas, while discussions on national adaptation plans clarified the synergy between favorable environments and funding support [5] Systemic Integration - The integration of various topics into the climate governance framework has strengthened its systemic nature, incorporating social, health, and rights dimensions, and linking climate justice to specific mechanisms [6] - The inclusion of just transition work plans and governance of critical minerals directly ties trade, industry, and labor rights policies to climate goals, ensuring ecological and community rights are considered in resource justice frameworks [6] Collaboration Among Developing Nations - Enhanced collaboration among Global South countries, led by Brazil, has better reflected the demands of developing nations, with various groups finding common interests, thereby increasing overall bargaining power and promoting a more diverse and representative climate governance system [6] - Future cooperation should focus on establishing specific fossil fuel exit pathways and building a just and effective climate finance system, emphasizing the need for sustained collaborative spirit to achieve a green and equitable future [6]