国际观察丨三大结构性问题困扰法国经济

Group 1 - The core issue facing the French economy is the rising sensitivity to prices among consumers, leading to cautious spending behavior during the holiday season, reflecting deeper structural problems [1] - France's public debt is projected to reach 117.4% of GDP by the end of Q3 2025, with a fiscal deficit forecasted at 5.5% of GDP, significantly above the EU's 3% limit, indicating severe fiscal pressure [2] - The French manufacturing sector is struggling, with the share of manufacturing in GDP currently at about 9%, far below the EU average of 15%, and a concerning trend of more factory closures than openings [3] Group 2 - Rising living costs are suppressing consumer spending, with inflation rates around 1% since February, but the actual cost of living is perceived to be much higher, particularly in housing and food [4] - Analysts note that while overall inflation is decreasing due to falling energy prices, food and housing costs continue to rise, and wage growth is lagging behind inflation, posing a significant challenge for consumer purchasing power [5]