互联网平台金融化背景下银行合作模式演进与发展路径研究

Core Insights - The integration of digital economy and fintech has allowed internet platforms to become significant players in the financial sector, moving beyond traditional payment services to encompass credit, wealth management, and insurance, thus accelerating their financialization process [1][24] - Traditional banks are facing severe challenges in the retail financial market, losing their dominance to internet platforms, which are increasingly seen as "funding outsourcing institutions" [1][24] - The shift in industry dynamics has altered the supply structure of financial services and introduced complexities in risk transmission and regulatory challenges [1][24] Regulatory Framework - The release of the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Internet Loan Business by Commercial Banks" in April 2025 provides a clear policy framework to regulate financial activities of internet platforms and reshape bank-enterprise cooperation [2][25] - The new regulations encourage banks to enhance their self-management capabilities and strengthen oversight of partner institutions, aiming to return financial operations to licensed practices and prevent systemic financial risks [2][25] Role of Internet Platforms - Internet platforms are often perceived as auxiliary players in consumer finance, but they predominantly control customer access and are the main drivers of the business model [3][26] - They dominate the business structure by designing the financial service chain, where banks are merely components responsible for funding [4][27] - Internet platforms also dictate value distribution, securing the largest share of profits compared to traditional financial services [4][27] Value Creation - Internet platforms leverage big data and AI to optimize traditional credit processes, significantly reducing transaction times and enhancing service accessibility [6][30] - They reach a vast user base through diverse application scenarios, effectively covering markets that traditional banks struggle to penetrate [6][30] - By collaborating with internet platforms, financial institutions can access long-tail customer segments with lower operational risks and costs [7][31] Risks and Challenges - The reliance on internet platforms leads to a gradual loss of financial institutions' self-management authority, making them overly dependent on platform data and models [8][32] - The convenience of internet lending can encourage excessive borrowing among users, increasing the risk of multiple debts [8][32] - The fragmented nature of the consumer finance chain complicates regulatory oversight, creating challenges in managing risks effectively [9][33] Cooperation Models - The primary cooperation models between banks and internet platforms are joint lending and assistance lending, each with distinct legal and operational frameworks [10][34] - Joint lending involves shared funding and risk, while assistance lending focuses on platforms providing services like customer screening and risk assessment, with banks supplying the capital [12][38] Future Development Path - Future development of internet platform financial activities should adhere to principles of returning to core functions, standardized operations, and complementary advantages [16][42] - Strengthening the primary role of financial institutions and ensuring that they lead operations while platforms serve as auxiliary service providers is essential for sustainable growth [17][42] - Regulatory frameworks must evolve to ensure clarity in responsibilities and enhance oversight of non-licensed entities involved in financial activities [41][42]