陈林：“三位一体”合作经济改革实践者｜我们的四分之一世纪

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution and significance of the "three-in-one" cooperative economic model in rural finance, highlighting its historical context, challenges, and ongoing relevance in addressing rural financing issues in China [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Context and Development - In April 2005, Chen Lin initiated the "three-in-one" cooperative economic reform in Ruian, Zhejiang, focusing on integrating production, supply, and credit systems to address rural financing challenges [3][4]. - The Ruian Rural Cooperative Bank was established in 2005, transitioning from a credit cooperative, which faced governance issues due to unclear ownership of member shares [3]. - By 2006, the "three-in-one" concept was formally adopted in Ruian, leading to the establishment of the Ruian Rural Cooperative Association, the first county-level comprehensive rural cooperative organization in China [4][5]. Group 2: Implementation and Expansion - The reform model gained recognition, with the Ruian cooperative model being included in national governance innovation achievements by 2014, and later incorporated into national rural reform pilot zones [8]. - Chen Lin emphasized the importance of a cooperative mechanism to complement rather than replace traditional banking, aiming to reduce costs and improve access to finance for rural communities [5][6]. - By 2009, the cooperative association had over 10,000 members, demonstrating the model's success in expanding financial access in rural areas [6]. Group 3: Challenges and Ongoing Issues - Despite initial successes, the model faced challenges post-2007, including regulatory caution from financial authorities and a slowdown in reform progress in some regions [7][9]. - The emergence of funding mutual aid societies has been beneficial for rural financing, but these organizations face increasing regulatory pressure and uncertainty regarding their legal status [9][10]. - Chen Lin argues that the core issue is the unclear institutional positioning of rural cooperative finance, which has led to a "one-size-fits-all" regulatory approach that may undermine the sustainability of these financial models [10][11].