司马迁为何“独宠”隐士？

Core Viewpoint - The choice of Sima Qian to place the biographies of Bo Yi and Shu Qi at the forefront of "Records of the Grand Historian" reflects his values and standards for historical writing, emphasizing the theme of justice and moral integrity in a corrupt world [2][4]. Group 1: Historical Significance - Sima Qian's selection of Bo Yi and Shu Qi as the first figures in the biographies indicates a deeper standard beyond mere reverence for Confucius, focusing on the values of self-sacrifice and resistance against tyranny [2][3]. - The narrative of Bo Yi and Shu Qi serves as a critique of the violent overthrow of the previous regime, showcasing their refusal to accept power and their ultimate act of defiance against unjust authority [3][4]. Group 2: Emotional Resonance - Sima Qian's insistence on the "grievance" of Bo Yi and Shu Qi reflects his own emotional turmoil and disillusionment with the moral decay of the Han dynasty, as he personally experienced injustice [4][5]. - The portrayal of Bo Yi and Shu Qi becomes a medium for Sima Qian to express his anger and sorrow over the failures of the moral order, emphasizing the need for justice in a world where traditional values have collapsed [5][6]. Group 3: Philosophical Implications - Sima Qian argues that despite the collapse of moral order, individuals can maintain dignity through personal choices and adherence to ethical principles, which he believes should be recorded for posterity [5][6]. - The mission of the historian, as articulated by Sima Qian, is to document the lives of those who uphold virtue, thereby restoring a sense of justice and moral clarity in society [5][6]. Group 4: Lasting Impact - The emotional and philosophical themes established in the biography of Bo Yi and Shu Qi set the tone for the entire "Records of the Grand Historian," influencing subsequent narratives and reinforcing the humanistic spirit throughout the text [6]. - Sima Qian's work transcends mere historical documentation, positioning itself as a powerful tool for advocating justice and moral integrity in the face of oppression [6].