营养“油”要补吗？怎么补？

Core Viewpoint - The increasing health awareness among consumers has led to a surge in the popularity of various nutritional dietary supplements, particularly omega-3 fatty acid products like deep-sea fish oil, Antarctic krill oil, and algal oil, despite their relatively high prices [8][9]. Group 1: Nutritional Benefits - DHA and EPA, both polyunsaturated fatty acids classified as omega-3, are the main selling points of these oils, providing energy and being integral to cell structure and signaling [8][9]. - Research indicates that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can lower serum triglyceride levels by inhibiting liver synthesis and promoting metabolism [9]. - The Chinese Dietary Guidelines (2022) recommend consuming fish twice a week or 300-500 grams to ensure adequate intake of these beneficial fatty acids [10]. Group 2: Sources and Types of Oils - Deep-sea fish oil is derived from fatty cold-water fish and typically has high concentrations of EPA and DHA, making it a common supplement choice [10][11]. - Antarctic krill oil, while having lower concentrations of EPA and DHA, contains astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant that helps prevent oxidation of n-3 fatty acids [11]. - Algal oil is a plant-based source of DHA, suitable for consumers seeking vegetarian options, but generally has lower EPA content compared to fish oil [12]. Group 3: Target Consumer Groups - These oils are classified as dietary supplements rather than medications, and not everyone needs to supplement with them; healthy individuals without specific health issues may not require additional intake [13]. - Individuals with limited access to seafood, vegetarians, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and those with specific health conditions may benefit from supplementation [14]. - High-risk groups for cardiovascular diseases and those with elevated triglyceride levels should consider fish oil supplements, while individuals with seafood allergies or certain medical conditions should avoid them [14][15].