埃及：在变局中重塑发展韧性

Economic Recovery - In 2025, Egypt's economy showed strong recovery with GDP growth expected to reach 4.4% to 4.5%, surpassing the government's target of 4.2% and significantly up from 2.4% in the previous fiscal year [2][3] - Key factors for this recovery include activation of the market through public investment directed towards the private sector, acceleration of state-owned enterprise privatization, and a shift towards high-value non-oil manufacturing sectors [3] - The tourism sector experienced historic growth, contributing significantly to foreign exchange earnings and overall economic recovery [3] External Financing and Investment - Egypt attracted approximately $9 billion in foreign direct investment in 2025, with substantial inflows from Gulf countries, China, and Europe [3] - The unification of the exchange rate boosted remittance inflows, with record monthly capital repatriation [3] - International credit rating agencies, such as S&P, upgraded Egypt's sovereign credit rating, enhancing investor confidence and alleviating foreign exchange pressures [3] Macroeconomic Policies - Egypt's inflation rate decreased to around 12% from previous highs, allowing the central bank to cautiously initiate a rate-cutting cycle, significantly reducing financing costs for the real economy [3] - The Ministry of Finance achieved a primary fiscal surplus of 3.5% through enhanced fiscal oversight, gradual tax base expansion, and energy subsidy reforms, further alleviating debt burdens [3] Regional Stability and Diplomacy - Egypt played a crucial role in regional stability amidst global turmoil, actively engaging in international cooperation and conflict resolution [5] - The country hosted the Sharm El-Sheikh summit to foster consensus on the "two-state solution" and humanitarian efforts in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict [5] - Egypt's diplomatic efforts in Sudan and Libya aimed at fostering dialogue and reconciliation, enhancing its role as a stabilizing force in the region [5] Cultural Soft Power - The Grand Egyptian Museum opened in November 2025, housing over 100,000 artifacts and showcasing Egypt's historical legacy, reflecting the government's commitment to cultural preservation [7] - The return of stolen artifacts from various countries, including a 3,500-year-old sculpture from the Netherlands, underscores Egypt's efforts to reclaim its cultural heritage [7] - Khaled El-Enany's election as UNESCO Director-General marks a significant achievement for Egypt in cultural diplomacy, enhancing its influence in global cultural governance [8]