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Core Insights - The thyroid gland is crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development, often referred to as the "engine of the body" [1] Group 1: Functions of the Thyroid Gland - The thyroid gland secretes hormones that regulate metabolic speed, affecting energy consumption and weight [4] - Thyroid hormones are essential for children's bone growth and intellectual development, acting as a "growth booster" [6] - It maintains normal body temperature by regulating metabolic speed, functioning as the "body thermostat" [8] - Thyroid hormones regulate heart rate and blood pressure, ensuring heart health, thus termed the "guardian of the heart" [9][11] - It influences emotions, attention, and cognitive functions, serving as the "emotional regulator" [12] Group 2: Factors Affecting Thyroid Health - Iodine is a critical raw material for thyroid hormone synthesis; a balanced intake is necessary [14] - Regular sleep and a consistent lifestyle positively impact thyroid health [16] - A diverse and balanced diet, along with adequate selenium, provides necessary energy for the thyroid [17] - Moderate exercise promotes blood circulation, benefiting the thyroid [17] Group 3: Adverse Factors for Thyroid Health - Long-term late nights can elevate stress hormone levels, negatively affecting thyroid function [18] - Excessive iodine intake may lead to hyperthyroidism, especially in individuals with a family history of thyroid disease [21] - Chronic stress can disrupt the secretion of thyroid hormones [24] - Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can harm the thyroid [26][27] - Prolonged exposure to radiation increases the risk of thyroid cancer [29] Group 4: Thyroid Disorders - Hyperthyroidism occurs due to excessive hormone secretion, leading to accelerated metabolism and symptoms like palpitations and weight loss [31] - Hypothyroidism results from insufficient hormone secretion, causing slowed metabolism and symptoms such as fatigue and weight gain [33] - Thyroid nodules are common, with most being benign, though some may be malignant [34] Group 5: Recommendations for Thyroid Health - Annual thyroid function and ultrasound checks are recommended, with increased frequency for those with a family history of thyroid disease or autoimmune conditions [36] - The thyroid, though often overlooked, plays a vital role in health and deserves attention [38]