脑机接口“狂飙”：马斯克开启大规模量产，中国玩家集体“插脑”冲刺

Core Viewpoint - Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are transitioning from science fiction to practical applications in the medical field, with significant advancements in both the U.S. and China, leading to a competitive landscape in BCI technology [1][16]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - Neuralink, led by Elon Musk, plans to initiate high-volume production of its BCI devices in 2026, focusing on automated surgical processes [16]. - In China, the first clinical trial of a fully implanted BCI was completed, demonstrating significant recovery in motor functions for patients with spinal cord injuries [3][18]. - The "North Brain No. 2" system, equipped with high-throughput flexible microelectrodes, is set to enter clinical trials in 2026, targeting motor impairment patients [22]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - The global BCI market is projected to reach a potential value of $850 billion in serious medical applications and $600 billion in consumer healthcare [27]. - Non-invasive BCIs currently dominate the market, holding an 82% share, due to their clear approval pathways and flexible deployment in various settings [24]. - Investment in the BCI sector has surged, with 16 financing events totaling nearly 1 billion yuan in 2025, significantly surpassing the previous year's total [26]. Group 3: Competitive Landscape - Neuralink's technology is characterized by its ability to insert electrode wires directly into the dura mater without cutting, minimizing trauma [19]. - Chinese companies like JieTi Medical and BoRuiKang are emerging as competitors, with clinical trials underway, although they lag behind Neuralink in terms of technology and integration [22][29]. - The average valuation of Chinese BCI companies is around $300 million, significantly lower than Neuralink's valuation of $12 billion, reflecting a disparity in market perception [27]. Group 4: Challenges and Future Outlook - The commercialization of BCI technology faces hurdles such as lengthy validation processes, high costs, and the need for robust clinical evidence [29]. - Ethical concerns regarding data privacy and the potential for cognitive enhancement to exacerbate social inequalities are being addressed through the development of legal frameworks [30]. - The timeline for consumer-grade BCI devices is projected to be 15 to 20 years, indicating a long road ahead for widespread adoption [29].