战略制胜 百年变局谋未来——二○二五年世界科技发展回顾·科技政策篇

Group 1: Global Technology Trends - The year 2025 sees significant advancements in technology, with AI, quantum computing, gene editing, and renewable energy leading the way in transforming various industries and improving societal conditions [1] - AI is advancing across all sectors, pushing society from information-based to intelligence-based systems [1] - Renewable energy has become the largest source of global electricity, contributing to environmental restoration [1] Group 2: Russia's Technology Policy - Russia's technology policy emphasizes "technological sovereignty," banning foreign software in critical infrastructure sectors and mandating local alternatives [2][3] - The introduction of the "Technology Policy Law" establishes a framework for long-term technology development, including budget support and incentives for domestic technology developers [2] - Russia's "National Project" initiative focuses on key technology areas such as automation, materials chemistry, and healthcare [2][4] Group 3: France's Technological Strategy - France aims to enhance its technological competitiveness through strategic investments in AI, energy transition, and research sovereignty [5][6] - The "France 2030" investment plan supports key sectors like health, agriculture, and low-carbon energy, seeking technological breakthroughs [5] - France's national AI strategy focuses on building a comprehensive ecosystem and attracting top talent to strengthen its position in AI [6] Group 4: United States' AI Development - The new U.S. administration is prioritizing AI development by revoking previous regulatory orders and launching significant funding initiatives [7][8] - The "Genesis Project" aims to leverage federal scientific data to accelerate research breakthroughs using AI [7] - The U.S. Department of Energy is investing $625 million to establish national quantum information science research centers [8] Group 5: United Kingdom's Innovation Policies - The UK government is actively promoting AI applications across various sectors, including defense and healthcare [10] - Significant investments are being made in quantum technology, supercomputing, and hydrogen energy infrastructure [10] - The UK is focusing on attracting global talent to enhance its research capabilities [10] Group 6: Germany's Strategic Focus - Germany's technology policy concentrates resources on AI, quantum technology, and hydrogen economy, with a budget of approximately €22.3 billion for 2025 [11][12] - The "High-Tech Agenda Germany" aims to ensure technological sovereignty and innovation in key strategic areas [11] - Germany plans to invest €5.5 billion in AI "super factories" to enhance applications in health and industrial sectors [12] Group 7: South Korea's Research Investment - South Korea is expanding its budget for strategic technologies, with a focus on AI, quantum, and biotechnology, allocating approximately 6.8 trillion KRW (around $49 billion) for R&D [14][15] - The government is integrating humanoid robotics and aircraft engine components into its national strategic technology framework [14] - South Korea aims to achieve advanced levels in AI and humanoid robotics by 2027 through systematic support [15] Group 8: South Africa's Innovation Initiatives - South Africa is implementing several key technology innovation policies, including the second phase of its national AI strategy [16][17] - The country is focusing on sustainable energy transitions and digital sovereignty through a new comprehensive technology policy framework [16] - South Africa is launching a national hydrogen energy roadmap to align with its energy transition goals [16] Group 9: Japan's Comprehensive Innovation Strategy - Japan's "Comprehensive Innovation Strategy 2025" addresses structural issues in its research and innovation system, emphasizing stable funding and reducing competition [19][20] - The strategy highlights the importance of technological security in key areas such as semiconductors, AI, and quantum technology [20] - Japan aims to enhance its research capabilities and societal impact through long-term investments in foundational research [19]