进入流感易发期专家提醒市民及时接种疫苗

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of flu vaccination as the most effective and economical means of preventing influenza, especially as the flu season approaches with the drop in temperatures across the country [1][2]. Group 1: Flu Characteristics and Risks - Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, characterized by stronger transmissibility, more severe symptoms, and higher risk of complications compared to the common cold [1]. - Symptoms of influenza typically include high fever lasting 3 to 5 days, significant fatigue, headaches, and muscle aches, with some patients experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea [1]. - High-risk groups for severe complications from influenza include infants, school-aged children, individuals over 60 years old, and patients with chronic diseases due to lower immunity or frequent exposure [1]. Group 2: Vaccination Recommendations - Vaccination is highlighted as a fundamental preventive measure that can significantly reduce the risk of illness in the general population and decrease the incidence of severe cases and mortality in high-risk groups [2]. - Antibodies that provide protective levels can develop 2 to 4 weeks after vaccination, with protection lasting 6 to 8 months; individuals can receive the vaccine throughout the flu season if they have not been vaccinated in a timely manner [2]. - All individuals aged 6 months and older should receive the flu vaccine, especially high-risk groups such as children, the elderly, and those with chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases or diabetes [2]. Group 3: Types of Vaccines Available - The flu vaccines currently used in China include trivalent inactivated vaccines containing two strains of type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and one strain of type B (Victoria), and quadrivalent inactivated vaccines containing two strains of type A and two strains of type B (Victoria and Yamagata) [2]. - A trivalent live attenuated vaccine (nasal spray) is also available for individuals aged 3 to 17 years, administered through nasal mucosa for absorption [2].