北大教授姚洋谈“内卷”，我们未来的出路在这里

Group 1 - The source of anxiety in society is linked to the market dynamics and the disconnection between price and value, with educational returns decreasing for both genders [5][26][29] - The phenomenon of alienation arises from the existence of employment relationships, where individuals become mere production factors rather than complete beings [6][27] - The government can intervene to address issues of involution and competition by reforming educational systems and reducing unnecessary pressures on students [28][30] Group 2 - The concept of socialism aims to correct the issues of capitalism by focusing on enhancing individual capabilities and ensuring that every person can participate equally in market competition [29][30] - Fairness and justice are essential societal demands, with various forms of equality, including outcome equality, starting point equality, and procedural equality [31][32] - The relationship between fairness and justice is complex, as fairness is often based on established norms, while justice requires a theoretical framework to define what is considered just [33] Group 3 - A good political system is crucial for ensuring social fairness and justice, requiring respect for citizens' rights, open access to political positions, and improvement of public welfare [36][37] - The selection of capable and virtuous individuals for leadership roles is essential for effective governance, emphasizing the importance of moral character and ability [39][40] - The current era calls for a balance between absorbing Western civilization and preserving Chinese cultural values, suggesting a pragmatic approach of "Chinese body, Western use" [41][42]