EU’s Carbon Border Tax Goes Live and Trade Partners Are Not Amused

Core Perspective - The EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) aims to enhance the competitiveness of European manufacturers against non-EU companies with less stringent emissions regulations, with China being the first to threaten retaliation [1][4]. Group 1: Mechanism Overview - The CBAM was created to address the high costs associated with the EU's stringent emission-reduction standards, which have made European products like steel and cement less competitive compared to cheaper imports from countries like China [2][3]. - The mechanism imposes a price on carbon dioxide emissions from goods produced in exporting countries, establishing default emission values and benchmarks for specific products [6]. Group 2: Reactions from Major Exporters - China's Ministry of Commerce criticized the CBAM as "unfair" and "discriminatory," indicating that it would take necessary measures to counteract what it perceives as unfair trade restrictions [4]. - The CBAM is unpopular among major exporters to the EU, but it has been effective in encouraging countries to develop or expand their carbon pricing initiatives, marking a significant policy shift for the EU [5]. Group 3: Implications for Competitiveness - The implementation of the CBAM is intended to ensure that cheaper imported steel, cement, and electricity are not as competitively priced, thereby protecting European industries [3]. - China's existing carbon market, established in 2021, complicates the situation as it seeks to maintain its competitiveness in the face of the new EU regulations [5].