欧盟“绿色关税”规则正冲击国际贸易秩序

Group 1 - The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has officially started charging substantial fees, which China views as unfair and discriminatory treatment, potentially violating WTO principles and climate change agreements [1] - CBAM is essentially a "green tariff" aimed at compensating for increased costs incurred by EU companies due to emission reductions, reflecting a long-term evolution of EU climate policy since the introduction of the Emission Trading System (ETS) in 2005 [1] - The default carbon emission values set by the EU for imported products, particularly for steel, have been artificially inflated, leading to significant additional costs for Chinese exporters [2] Group 2 - The default carbon emission value for Chinese steel billets was raised from 1.75 tons of CO2 per ton of steel to 3.167 tons, an increase of 81%, resulting in an additional carbon cost of approximately €144 (about $168) per ton [2] - The EU's adjustments to emission standards have been criticized as a form of hidden trade discrimination, with claims that the new standards exceed even those of older European production methods [2] - Internal documents reveal that the EU's adjustments to carbon emission values were influenced by lobbying from interest groups, despite evidence showing that Chinese production lines have lower emissions than some European counterparts [3] Group 3 - The EU's high thresholds for carbon emissions are seen as a means to protect its own industries, particularly as 60% of European steel production still relies on traditional high furnace methods [4] - The complexity of the reporting and certification processes, combined with opaque calculations, is disrupting trade order and raising concerns about the EU's intentions to maintain industrial dominance [4] - China is accelerating the establishment of its own carbon footprint tracking system to safeguard its data sovereignty and counteract what it perceives as the EU's exploitative practices [4]