程实：人工智能时代的中国比较优势︱实话世经

Core Insights - China's comparative advantages in energy, talent, and institutional frameworks position it favorably in the AI era, enabling the transformation of technological breakthroughs into industrial upgrades and economic growth [1][2][6] Energy Advantages - China has abundant and low-cost energy supply, crucial for AI operations, with data centers consuming approximately 415 terawatt-hours, accounting for about 1.5% of global electricity consumption in 2024 [3] - The electricity consumption of data centers has grown at an annual rate of 12% over the past five years, with China and the US expected to contribute nearly 80% of the incremental demand [3] - By 2024, China's data center electricity consumption is projected to increase by 175 terawatt-hours, a growth of 170%, highlighting its significant energy capacity [3][4] Renewable Energy Capacity - In 2024, China is expected to contribute 61.2% of global new photovoltaic installations and 69.4% of new wind power installations, showcasing its leadership in renewable energy [4] - The cost of onshore wind power and photovoltaic energy in China is lower than the global average, with costs at $0.029 per kilowatt-hour and $0.033 per kilowatt-hour, respectively [4] Talent and Population Advantages - China has the largest supply of STEM graduates globally, with a significant number of engineers integrated into the industrial chain, facilitating rapid technology application and product development [7] - The country boasts the largest mobile internet user base, with over 40% of GDP derived from the digital economy, allowing for quick adoption of AI technologies across various sectors [9] - The digital literacy of younger users and the improving adaptability of older users contribute to a narrowing digital divide, fostering a conducive environment for AI proliferation [9] Organizational and Institutional Capabilities - China's ability to coordinate resources across departments and deploy national computing infrastructure rapidly is a significant advantage in the AI era [10] - The financial system in China supports long-term investments necessary for AI development, with various funding mechanisms in place to ensure adequate capital flow [10]