专家：酒精消毒无效，预防要这样做

Core Insights - The article highlights the rising incidence of Norovirus infections among children in Chongqing, particularly during the winter months, emphasizing the need for awareness and prevention measures [2][4] Group 1: Norovirus Overview - Norovirus is identified as the primary pathogen causing acute infectious diarrhea, commonly referred to as "winter vomiting disease," with peak incidence occurring from October to March [2][4] - The virus is highly contagious, requiring only a low dose to cause illness, and is resistant to common disinfectants like alcohol and ether, facilitating its spread in crowded places [2][3] Group 2: Symptoms and Misconceptions - There is a common misconception that Norovirus only affects children; however, both children and adults can be infected, with children primarily experiencing vomiting and adults more often suffering from diarrhea [2][3] - Symptoms typically include nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, and muscle aches, with a short incubation period of 12 to 48 hours, and most individuals recover within 2 to 3 days [2][4] Group 3: Treatment and Care - There are currently no specific medications or vaccines for Norovirus; treatment focuses on symptomatic support and preventing dehydration [4] - Parents are advised against administering antibiotics or anti-diarrheal medications, as these can disrupt gut flora and are ineffective against viral infections [4] Group 4: Prevention Measures - Effective prevention strategies include proper hand hygiene, especially before meals and after using the restroom, and using chlorine-based disinfectants for cleaning, as alcohol-based sanitizers are ineffective against Norovirus [6][7] - Food safety practices are crucial, such as avoiding raw foods, ensuring thorough cooking of shellfish, and drinking boiled water to prevent contamination [7] Group 5: Isolation and Containment - Infected individuals remain contagious for 72 hours after symptoms resolve, necessitating home isolation to prevent further spread, particularly in communal settings like schools and nursing homes [5] - Food industry workers must test negative for Norovirus before returning to work to ensure public safety [5]