警惕药物诱发横纹肌溶解综合征

Core Viewpoint - Rhabdomyolysis is a serious muscle disease caused by various factors, with certain medications being significant triggers. Understanding the mechanisms of drug-induced rhabdomyolysis and adhering to proper medication guidelines can help prevent its occurrence [1]. Disease Symptoms - Rhabdomyolysis results from the necrosis of muscle cells, leading to the release of intracellular substances into the bloodstream. Symptoms include muscle pain, weakness, and dark-colored urine, which are indicative of muscle damage. Other systemic symptoms may include fever, tachycardia, confusion, nausea, and vomiting. Rapid deterioration can lead to acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multi-organ failure, posing a life-threatening risk [2]. Medication Alerts - Statins and fibrates are notable medications that can induce rhabdomyolysis. Statins, such as atorvastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin, lower blood cholesterol and regulate lipids but can increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis, especially at higher doses or when combined with certain drugs like cyclosporine and erythromycin. Fibrates, including fenofibrate and bezafibrate, can also disrupt muscle cell energy metabolism, leading to similar risks. Other drug classes, such as antipsychotics, fluoroquinolone antibiotics, antidepressants, and sedatives, may also contribute to rhabdomyolysis [3]. Prevention Strategies - To prevent rhabdomyolysis, patients should avoid exceeding prescribed dosages of medications, be cautious of drug interactions, and refrain from consuming grapefruit juice while on statins. Regular health check-ups, including liver and kidney function tests, are recommended for patients on long-term medications that may induce rhabdomyolysis. Monitoring for any unusual symptoms is crucial for timely medical intervention [4][5].