【溯源甘肃】西北简牍：千年文明的发掘与传承

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical significance and ongoing research of bamboo and wooden slips (jian) discovered in Northwest China, particularly focusing on the evolution of their discovery and study over the past century, highlighting the importance of these artifacts in understanding ancient Chinese civilization and culture [4][20]. Group 1: Historical Discovery Phases - The discovery of bamboo and wooden slips in Northwest China can be divided into three main phases: the first phase (before 1949) was primarily led by foreign explorers and archaeologists, with significant finds by Sven Hedin and Aurel Stein [4][7][9]. - The second phase (1949-2000) saw a surge in discoveries across various regions, including the notable finds of Qin slips at the Foma Tan site and numerous Han slips in Dunhuang and surrounding areas [11][12][15]. - The third phase (post-2000) focuses on the comprehensive organization and publication of previously unearthed slips, as well as the ongoing efforts to catalog and study slips held in international collections [17][18]. Group 2: Key Discoveries and Artifacts - Significant finds include the Dunhuang Maquanwan slips, which totaled 1,217 pieces, and the Xuanquan slips, which exceeded 23,000 pieces, providing insights into various aspects of ancient life, including administration, culture, and military affairs [11][12]. - The Wuwei slips, including the "Rituals" and "Medical" texts, are crucial for understanding ancient Chinese medicine and governance, with the Wuwei "Medical slips" containing over 100 medicinal recipes [15][19]. - The total number of slips discovered across China exceeds 260,000, with Northwest China being a major contributor, accounting for over 58% of the total Han slips found [18][19]. Group 3: Cultural and Academic Significance - The artifacts from Northwest China are not only significant for their historical content but also serve as foundational texts for the study of Chinese civilization, particularly in relation to the Silk Road and cultural exchanges [20]. - The research and publication efforts surrounding these slips have established Northwest China as a focal point for international sinology, with ongoing collaborations enhancing the understanding of these ancient documents [20].