治水兴水启新程 安全保障筑根基——“十四五”我国水利高质量发展综述

Core Viewpoint - Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," China's water conservancy sector has made significant strides in modernizing water management, enhancing flood control, and improving ecological restoration, thereby ensuring water security and supporting economic development [1][6][7]. Group 1: Infrastructure Development - Over the past five years, China has invested over 5.6 trillion yuan in water conservancy infrastructure, initiating 181 major projects, optimizing the layout and functionality of water infrastructure, and creating the world's largest and most comprehensive water management system [3][6]. - The national water network coverage has reached 80.3%, with irrigated farmland area at 10.9 million hectares, and rural tap water coverage at 96%, providing robust support for food security and urban-rural living standards [6][10]. Group 2: Disaster Prevention and Ecological Restoration - China has successfully managed floods from 4,136 rivers and effectively addressed severe droughts in major river basins, reducing flood and drought-related economic losses from 0.28% to 0.18% of GDP [6][9]. - Significant ecological restoration efforts have led to the revival of historically dried rivers, improving the quality and stability of aquatic ecosystems [6][22]. Group 3: Digital Transformation - The integration of digital technologies in water management has advanced, with the establishment of a digital twin water management system that enhances monitoring and predictive capabilities, significantly improving flood risk management [7][20]. - Key projects like the Three Gorges and South-to-North Water Diversion have implemented digital twin technologies, contributing to more efficient water resource management [20][21]. Group 4: Legal and Institutional Framework - The establishment of laws and regulations, such as the Yangtze River Protection Law and the Yellow River Protection Law, has strengthened the governance of water resources, with 1.2 million river and lake chiefs ensuring ecological protection [6][23]. - A comprehensive network for river and lake management has been developed, addressing illegal activities and enhancing the effectiveness of water resource governance [23]. Group 5: Agricultural Water Management - Agricultural water use efficiency has improved, with the effective utilization coefficient for irrigation water rising to 0.583, and the area of water-saving irrigation reaching 6.38 million hectares [13][14]. - The focus on high-efficiency water use in agriculture is crucial, as agriculture accounts for 60% of total water consumption in China [14]. Group 6: Rural Water Supply - A total of 3.816 million rural water supply projects have been established, creating a network that serves 850 million rural residents, making China a leader in improving rural drinking water conditions [12][11]. - The rural water supply system has been upgraded to ensure safe drinking water for urban and rural populations alike, significantly enhancing living standards [11][12].