十五五期间中小银行最紧迫的五件大事

Core Viewpoint - The five most urgent tasks for small and medium-sized banks during the 14th Five-Year Plan period are risk resolution, corporate governance, digital transformation, differentiated operations, and capital replenishment, which collectively drive high-quality development [1]. Risk Resolution: Establishing a Safety Bottom Line for Survival and Development - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, the number of high-risk banking institutions was significantly reduced through mergers and restructuring, but small and medium-sized banks still face challenges such as difficulty in disposing of non-performing assets and high reliance on real estate and local government financing platforms [2]. - Lessons from the U.S. and Japan highlight the importance of early warning systems and market-based risk resolution methods, such as asset securitization and targeted credit allocation [2]. - Key measures for the 15th Five-Year Plan include reducing the number of legal entities, categorizing strategies for non-performing asset disposal, strengthening concentration and liquidity management, and improving risk warning and disposal mechanisms using AI and big data [3]. Corporate Governance: Strengthening the Foundation of Modern Banking Systems - The 14th Five-Year Plan saw the removal of over 3,600 illegal shareholders, but issues such as suboptimal equity structure and weak internal controls persist in small and medium-sized banks [4]. - U.S. community banks utilize a "small but refined" equity structure and independent directors to enhance checks and balances, while Japanese local banks leverage stable equity structures and external supervision [4]. - The 15th Five-Year Plan's core initiatives include optimizing equity structure, standardizing corporate governance operations, strictly controlling related transactions, and improving incentive mechanisms [5][6]. Digital Transformation: Building Core Competencies for Efficient Operations - The 14th Five-Year Plan accelerated the cloud transformation of core systems, but challenges such as fragmented technology investment and weak data governance remain [7]. - U.S. community banks effectively deploy digital tools through partnerships with fintech companies, while Japanese local banks create regional fintech alliances to develop specialized digital products [7]. - Key initiatives for the 15th Five-Year Plan include building a centralized digital infrastructure, enhancing scenario-based applications, improving digital risk control and operational capabilities, and establishing a compliance system for digital operations [8]. Differentiated Operations: Creating Competitive Advantages - The 14th Five-Year Plan encouraged banks to focus on their core businesses and local markets, yet many still engage in homogeneous competition with large banks, leading to weak profitability [9]. - U.S. community banks focus on relationship-based financing for small businesses and local residents, while Japanese local banks bind closely with local industries to enhance customer loyalty [9]. - The 15th Five-Year Plan emphasizes defining market positioning, innovating specialized products and services, deepening regional ecosystem integration, and establishing differentiated risk control systems [10][11]. Capital Replenishment: Strengthening the Capital Foundation for Sustainable Development - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, small and medium-sized banks faced challenges in capital replenishment compared to large banks, with pressures on capital adequacy ratios [12]. - U.S. community banks enhance market confidence through deposit insurance and various capital replenishment methods, while Japan supports capital tool issuance through government initiatives [12]. - The 15th Five-Year Plan's core measures include broadening external capital replenishment channels, strengthening internal capital accumulation, and improving capital utilization efficiency [13]. Supporting Measures - To ensure the implementation of the above tasks, policy coordination, resource integration, and talent cultivation are essential [14].