还吃？这些食物会加速结石形成→

Group 1 - Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the kidneys formed from crystals and organic matrix when certain minerals in urine become oversaturated, with calcium oxalate stones being the most common type [3][15] - Prevention of kidney stone recurrence requires intervention in daily diet and lifestyle, along with timely use of medications specific to the type of stones [3][15] Group 2 - Patients should limit high oxalate foods, which are significant contributors to calcium oxalate stone formation; common high oxalate foods include spinach, purslane, amaranth, beets, bamboo shoots, starfruit, sesame, and cocoa powder [5][17] - Cooking methods such as blanching can significantly reduce oxalate content; for example, blanching 180g of spinach in 1000ml of boiling water for 1 minute removes 43% of oxalate [6][19] - High purine foods like organ meats, seafood, and rich meat broths should also be limited as they can lead to uric acid stone formation [8][19] - High salt foods, including pickled products and processed meats, should be avoided as excessive sodium increases urinary calcium excretion, promoting kidney stone formation; the recommended daily salt intake for adults is no more than 5 grams [9][19] Group 3 - It is recommended for most kidney stone patients to drink 2.5 to 3.0 liters of fluid daily, ensuring a urine output of at least 2.0 to 2.5 liters [10][20] - Water is the preferred liquid, with moderate consumption of tea and coffee being acceptable; however, caffeine intake should not exceed 400mg, approximately equivalent to 2 cups of 355ml American coffee [12][22] - Adequate dietary calcium intake is essential to lower kidney stone risk, as calcium binds with oxalate in the digestive tract to form insoluble calcium oxalate, thus reducing the formation of calcium oxalate stones; the recommended daily calcium intake for adults in China is 800mg [12][22] - A balanced diet with sufficient vegetables and fruits is beneficial for alkalizing urine and providing citrate, although care should be taken with high oxalate fruits and vegetables [12][22]