新版美国膳食指南：尽量在家做饭

Core Viewpoint - The new federal dietary guidelines emphasize cooking at home and avoiding highly processed foods, reflecting the Trump administration's approach to "healthy eating" [1][2]. Group 1: Changes in Dietary Guidelines - The guidelines have undergone significant changes for the first time in over 40 years, with a new visual representation in the form of an inverted "food pyramid" [2]. - The guidelines specifically recommend avoiding ultra-processed foods and encourage home cooking, prioritizing nutrient-dense foods [5]. - The updated guidelines criticize past recommendations that promoted "low-quality, highly processed foods" [8]. Group 2: Nutritional Recommendations - The new guidelines suggest limiting added sugars to no more than 10 grams per meal and emphasize the importance of protein intake, recommending 1.2 to 1.6 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight, up from the previous recommendation of 0.8 grams [8]. - There is a shift towards endorsing whole-fat dairy products and red meat as sources of "nutrient-dense" protein, contrasting with previous guidelines that favored low-fat options [8]. - The guidelines continue to support the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, poultry, seafood, and nuts as the foundation of a healthy diet [8]. Group 3: Reactions to the New Guidelines - The American Medical Association (AMA) praised the guidelines for highlighting the role of processed foods and sugary drinks in chronic diseases [10]. - Concerns were raised by experts like Dr. Walter Willett from Harvard regarding the potential encouragement of excessive red meat and dairy consumption, which may not align with optimal health or environmental sustainability [10]. - Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University echoed these concerns, noting that many Americans already consume sufficient protein without needing to increase red meat intake [10].