113吨！52亿美元！海关数据还原马杜罗时代黄金大转移

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the tense situation in Venezuela, highlighting the competition for gold as the country faces economic challenges and international sanctions [1]. Group 1: Gold Exports and Economic Support - During the early years of Maduro's presidency, Venezuela exported gold worth approximately 4.14 billion Swiss francs (about 5.2 billion USD) to Switzerland [3][13]. - From 2013 to 2016, Venezuela shipped 113 tons of gold to Switzerland, primarily sourced from the central bank as the government sold gold to support the economy [3][14]. - Following the EU sanctions in 2017, Venezuela did not export any gold to Switzerland until 2025, indicating a significant decline in gold exports due to international restrictions [5][15]. Group 2: Sanctions and Asset Freezing - On January 3, Maduro was captured by U.S. special forces and faces charges including drug trafficking and terrorism in a New York court [5][15]. - Switzerland has ordered the freezing of assets held by Maduro and 36 associates, although the value and source of these assets remain undisclosed [5][15]. - It is unclear whether these frozen assets are connected to the gold transferred from the central bank [6][16]. Group 3: Gold Refining and Market Dynamics - Switzerland is recognized as one of the largest gold refining centers globally, housing five major refineries [8][18]. - The Venezuelan central bank has been selling its gold reserves to raise hard currency amid U.S. sanctions, with significant sales occurring from 2012 to 2016 [9][19]. - Analysts suggest that much of the gold sold during this period likely ended up in Switzerland, and subsequent exports may have decreased significantly as the central bank's gold reserves dwindled [10][20].