新华全媒头条｜长江禁渔五年，发生了哪些变化？

Core Viewpoint - The Yangtze River's ten-year fishing ban, initiated on January 1, 2021, has shown significant progress in restoring aquatic biodiversity, improving the livelihoods of fishermen, and maintaining stable management of fishing bans over the past five years [1][2][3]. Group 1: Aquatic Biodiversity Restoration - The Yangtze River, once a cradle of freshwater fisheries, has seen a recovery in aquatic biodiversity due to the fishing ban, with the biological integrity index improving from a historically poor "no fish" level [2][3]. - The population of the Yangtze River dolphin has increased, with the distribution range expanding and the number of dolphins rising from 1,012 in 2017 to a historic recovery [2]. - The monitoring from 2021 to 2024 recorded 344 native fish species, an increase of 36 species compared to the previous monitoring period [3]. Group 2: Fishermen's Transition - The fishing ban has transformed fishermen from being solely reliant on fishing to becoming protectors and entrepreneurs, supported by training and policy measures [4][5]. - In the Bai Shui Port village, all 186 retired fishermen transitioned to new occupations, with collective income reaching 1.01 million yuan in 2025 and per capita income rising from 20,000 yuan in 2019 to nearly 30,000 yuan [4]. - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs reported a nearly 100% employment rate for retired fishermen, with many receiving social security benefits [5]. Group 3: Ongoing Challenges - Despite the progress, challenges remain, including the low overall aquatic biodiversity and the continued existence of illegal fishing activities [6][7]. - The biological integrity index is still rated as "poor," and many historically present fish species have not been monitored since the ban [6]. - Illegal fishing has become more organized and covert, complicating enforcement efforts, necessitating enhanced regulatory measures and habitat restoration [7].