戴彧虹：用运筹学寻找最优战略决策

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of operations research in optimizing resource allocation and decision-making processes across various sectors, including the deployment of 5G base stations in China, highlighting its role as a scientific basis for effective management and modern decision-making [1][9][10]. Group 1: Definition and Origin of Operations Research - Operations research originated during World War II, evolving from a tool for specific scenarios to a universal decision-making method applicable across diverse fields [3]. - The essence of operations research is optimization, focusing on achieving the best outcomes while adhering to real-world constraints [4]. Group 2: Application Process of Operations Research - The research process in operations research follows a closed loop: identifying real-world problems, abstract modeling, computational solving, validation, and practical application [7]. - The first step involves accurately defining the problem, which is crucial for guiding subsequent research efforts [5]. Group 3: Role in National Resource Allocation - Operations research serves as a "precision navigation instrument" for national strategic decision-making, transforming complex strategic issues into computable and comparable scientific solutions [9]. - It emphasizes "quantitative optimization" and "system thinking," allowing for a comprehensive view of interrelated factors in resource allocation [10]. Group 4: Contribution to New Productive Forces - Although operations research does not directly produce technology, it fosters new academic directions and enhances efficiency in complex technical development processes [11]. - It plays a critical role in optimizing resource allocation and enhancing collaboration, which is essential for improving overall productivity [11]. Group 5: Future Trends and Challenges - The rise of new technologies like artificial intelligence and quantum computing presents both opportunities and challenges for the evolution of operations research [12][14]. - Future development will likely focus on deeper integration with AI and new computing technologies, expanding its application to complex global issues such as supply chain restructuring and carbon neutrality [15]. Group 6: Recommendations for Development - There is a need for closer integration between operations research and real-world industrial problems, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and practical application [16]. - The focus should be on embedding operations research methods into national projects and public decision-making processes to create a virtuous cycle of problem-driven research and application [16].