2025年全球电动航空产业回顾：分化加剧 蓄势待发

Core Insights - The global electric aviation industry is transitioning from a conceptual phase to a new development stage focused on solving real-world problems, with significant capital flowing into leading startups in China and the U.S. despite a drop in overall funding compared to 2021-2022 [4] - The industry is entering a consolidation phase, similar to early 20th-century aviation and the past 15 years of electric vehicle integration, where weaker startups are likely to be eliminated, and operational maturity will be crucial for global competition [4] Group 1: Market Dynamics - The U.S. holds nearly 40% of the global eVTOL market share, bolstered by a strong capital market and traditional aviation advantages [5] - Key regulatory developments in the U.S. include the FAA's special regulations and the "Unleashing American Drone Dominance" executive order, which support eVTOL integration and establish a national airspace system [5] - Companies like Joby, Archer, and Beta plan to achieve airworthiness certification within two years, with Archer set to provide air taxi services during the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics, marking a significant industry milestone [5] Group 2: Regional Developments - European eVTOL development faces challenges, with notable companies like Lilium and Volocopter filing for bankruptcy, while others struggle with financing and R&D [6] - In contrast, China's eVTOL industry is rapidly advancing due to supportive policies, with over 40 domestic manufacturers and total financing exceeding 100 billion RMB [7] - China's leading battery industry, with a production capacity of 1,170 GWh and a global supply share exceeding 75%, is a core advantage for eVTOL manufacturers [7] Group 3: Technological and Regulatory Trends - The U.S. has outlined a three-step plan for low-altitude airspace management, emphasizing the need for private investment in infrastructure and the use of automation and data exchange to address challenges [9] - Battery performance remains a key bottleneck, with current energy densities limiting eVTOL range, although advancements are expected in the next five years [9] - Companies are exploring hybrid and hydrogen-powered eVTOLs, with Joby and Archer leading initiatives in this area [10] Group 4: Public Perception and Future Outlook - Public acceptance of eVTOLs has improved, but concerns about safety, noise, cost, and privacy persist, alongside lagging infrastructure development [11] - The next two years are critical for commercialization, with the potential for eVTOLs to become as ubiquitous as buses and taxis, fundamentally changing transportation [11]