「海姆立克急救法」更新了！这个操作人人都要学

Core Viewpoint - The Heimlich maneuver has been updated by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), with a focus on the sequence of operations for treating severe airway obstruction caused by foreign objects [2] Group 1: Updated Guidelines - The new guidelines recommend prioritizing five back blows followed by abdominal or chest thrusts in a cycle until the object is expelled or the patient becomes unresponsive [2] - For children aged 1 to 8 years, the recommended force for back blows is 3 to 5 kilograms, while for adults, it is approximately 5 kilograms, with a 45-degree angle for thrusting [5] - The guidelines emphasize the importance of using back blows first to reduce the risk of internal injuries associated with abdominal thrusts [5] Group 2: Age-Specific Techniques - For infants under 1 year, the updated method involves back blows followed by chest thrusts, as abdominal thrusts can cause damage due to their underdeveloped abdominal muscles [6] - The correct technique for infants includes placing them face down on the forearm and delivering five back blows, followed by chest thrusts if necessary [6][7] - Pregnant women and obese individuals should use chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts to avoid complications such as uterine pressure or ineffective force due to abdominal fat [8] Group 3: Recognition and Aftercare - The Heimlich maneuver is only suitable for severe airway obstruction, indicated by inability to speak, cyanosis, or clutching the throat [10] - In cases of mild obstruction where the patient can cough or speak, observation and encouragement to cough are recommended instead of immediate intervention [10] - After an object is expelled, patients should be monitored for at least 15 minutes for any residual issues or complications [10]