久坐久卧,当心“肺部杀手”找上门

Core Viewpoint - The incidence of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is rising, necessitating increased awareness and preventive measures among high-risk populations [2][4]. Group 1: Incidence and Risk Factors - The global incidence of pulmonary embolism ranges from 11.7 to 131.9 per 100,000, with China's hospitalization rate increasing from 1.2 per 100,000 in 2007 to 14.2 per 100,000 in 2021, exceeding 200,000 cases [2]. - High-risk groups include the elderly, especially those over 80, who have a significantly higher risk compared to those under 50 [3]. - Other high-risk populations include pregnant women, patients undergoing surgery, those with malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney syndrome, obesity, smokers, and individuals who remain sedentary during long flights [4]. Group 2: Symptoms and Diagnosis - Symptoms of acute pulmonary embolism lack specificity, making it prone to misdiagnosis; common symptoms include activity-related shortness of breath, chest pain, and syncope [5]. - The classic triad of symptoms (chest pain, hemoptysis, and dyspnea) occurs in less than 20% of cases, highlighting the need for vigilance in recognizing atypical presentations [5]. - Diagnosis involves a two-step process: initial screening using ECG and echocardiography, followed by confirmatory imaging such as CT pulmonary angiography [6]. Group 3: Treatment and Management - Treatment strategies are tailored based on the severity of the condition, with high-risk patients requiring aggressive intervention and lower-risk patients primarily receiving anticoagulation therapy [7]. - Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of treatment, while thrombolysis is reserved for high-risk patients experiencing cardiac arrest or obstructive shock [7]. - Patients must adhere to prescribed medication regimens and undergo regular monitoring to prevent complications, including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension [8]. Group 4: Prevention and Prognosis - Prevention strategies include avoiding prolonged immobility, engaging in regular movement during long travels, and using compression stockings for high-risk individuals [8]. - The overall prognosis for pulmonary embolism patients is improving, but timely treatment and adherence to management plans are crucial to prevent severe outcomes [8].